Hyperlipidemia and hyper glycaemia in breast cancer Patients is related to disease stage

Objective: The study was designed to determine the hyperlipidemia in breast cancer of patients at disease presentation, without any treatment and to correlate these variations with disease stage

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National teaching hospital in Karachi from 2006 to 2011, Age and family history of 208 breast cancer patients with infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma were compared with 176 matched control subjects. Married females were selected, with children and short breast feeding period. Cancer stage I-III was considered for the study and patients were grouped on the basis of Tumor grade, Tumor size, lymph node metastasis and disease free survival. Disease staging was based on tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Biochemical estimations included variations in random blood glucose level and lipid profile

Results: Lipid profile and random blood glucose level were found significantly high [p<0.05] compared to control subjects. Hyperlipidemia was significantly high in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. On increase in tumor grade I to II, increase in total cholesterol [4%], LDL-cholesterol 23% and 11% increase in triglycerides was observed. On Tumor size increase from

Conclusion: Study suggests that variation in lipid profile and blood random glucose level is associated with disease stage. No independent correlation of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia was developed with disease free survival

New perspectives in the management of hypertension: role of herbal medicines

To compare the efficacy of coded herbal medicine [Hyprol] and losartan in hypertensive type II diabetic patients. Case control study. This study was carried out at the Out-patient Department of JPMC, Karachi and Herbal Clinics of Karachi from January 2014 to June 2014. This study is a case control prospective study to compare the effects of Losartan with herbal medicine [Hyprol] in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients. 200 patients were enrolled and divided in two groups [A] [Control group] and [B] [Test group] treated with Losartan and Hyprol respectively. With ARB [Losartan] baseline to final change for SBP as well as DBP was significantly reduced i.e. 22.45% [p<0.001] and 16.84% [p<0.001] respectively and FBS was reduced by 21.85% [p<0.001] while Hyprol shows comparable results i.e. difference in SBP, DBP and FBS was 14% [p<0.001], 15.31% [p<0.001], 34.57% [p<0.001] respectively. ARBs are the first line drug of choice for hypertension since long time. Use of herbal medicine is an alternative mean of therapy to treat these patients and limit its cardiovascular and renal complications

Clinical evaluation of coded herbal medicine [hypoess] and angiotensin receptor blocker [candesartan] in essential hypertensive patients

The basic aim of this research study was to determine the comparative effect of herbal treatment in comparison with standard allopathic medicine in control and treatment of essential hypertensive patients. Prospective and comparative study. This study was carried out in Department of Pharmacology, HCM and D, FH and MS, Hamdard University, Karachi, from January 2014 to July 2014. A total of 200 patients were enrolled in study and were given Hypoess in one hundred patients while remaining one hundred patients received allopathic medicine Candesartan. In test group one hundred patients were treated with herbal drug [Hypoess] and it decreased mean systolic blood pressure of study patients with a decrease of 15.17% whereas, a reduction of 20.56% was found with allopathic medicine Candesartan Cilexetil. Similarly a decrease of 18.07% was found in mean diastolic blood pressure with herbal medicine in test group patients and a decrease of 21.65% was observed in case of allopathic drug in mean diastolic blood pressure of control group patients. The effects of herbal medicine were found statistically significant in controlling blood pressure and it has been found as an alternative option to treat essential hypertensive patients with its cost-effectiveness

Anti-nociceptive activity of seed extract of Vernonia anthelmintica willd

Vernonia anthelmintica is commonly known as kali ziri. Its seeds are used for several therapeutical purposes. Its seeds contain many constituents of medicinal importance as vernodlin, vernodalol, and vernolic acid. It is commonly used psoriasis and leucoderma or white leprosy. It is potent wormicidal agent. The present study was conducted on seed's extract of V. anthelmintica to determine its analgesic potency. The activity was conducted on mice by using acetic acid induced writhes,hot plate method and by tail flick method using water bath. The results of the writhing test were highly significant and comparable with Aspirin, which produced 26 and 20 writhes. The percentage of inhibition of writhes with the two doses of crude extract was 65.45% and 64.28% at 300mg/kg, while 83.63% and 71.42% at 500mg/kg, where as with Aspirin it was 52.72% and 28.57% in first and second phase respectively. Hot plate and tail flick method also indicated that vernonia has potent analgesic activity. The drug can be utilized as anti-nociceptive agent

Antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Symplocos racemesa roxb. Bark

The antidiarrheal activity of the drug Symplocos racemosa was performed in-vivo on isolated rabbit intestine. The effects of crude extract and fractions were observed at different doses. The overall response of the crude extract on isolated tissue of rabbit intestine was decreased in the tone of smooth muscle. Further studies were carried out on different fractions [ethylacetate, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous] of crude extract of S. racemosa. The standard drugs were also used for further screening of the fractions of S. racemosa. Hot plate, writhing test, formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and rats were performed for determination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities respectively on S. racemosa bark extract. The results exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect at 300 and 500mg/kg doses

Assessment of anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and neuropharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn.

This article reports the assessment of anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and neuropharmacological activities of crude extract of Cyperus rotundus. The plant exhibited significant property to act as an anti inflammatory agent. In experimental design, inflammation was produced by carrageenan in rats and compare with saline treated and Aspirin treated group. Simultaneously the drug was also observed for its antiulcer response and found effective enough [these two activities were observed at the dosage of 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg]. The anti ulcer activity was observed 41.2% as a dosage of 500mg/kg. Neuropharmacological activities [open field, head dip, rearing traction and forced swimming test] were also observed at 300 and 500mg/kg of C. rotundus extract. The crude extract showed mild decreased in all test and exhibited slight muscle relaxant effect. Powder drug studies and FTIR analysis were performed for the authentication of C. rotundus

Terminals chebula retz; spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties

To study the spasmogenic and spasmolytic properties of Terminalia chebula. Diagnostic parameter of smooth muscle activity was used for the determination of characteristic spasmogenic and spasmolytic activity of I chebula. Experimental study. This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University. From 2005 to 2006. This experimental study was conducted on isolated smooth muscle of rabbit's intestine. Segment of small intestine [jejunum and ileum] was mounted in Tyroid's solution filled organ bath with maintained temperature at 37°C to record dose response activity. It is observed that at the dose of 1 mg/ml there is a slight decrease in the response [0.88 cm 0.035 cm] as compare to control [1.15cm 0.040 cm]. At 10 mg/ml there is a relaxing response of smooth muscle activity [0.85cm 0.08cm] from control [1.08cm 0.125cm]. While the relaxation is prominent at the doses of 20 mg/ml [0.9cm 0.5cm] and 25 mg/ml [0.55cm 0.035cm] from control [1.4cm 0.155cm] and [1.3cm 0.07cm] respectively with [p value 0.05]. The effect of ethyl acetate fraction shows initially relaxation and this effect disappeared after the administration of acetylcholine 1x10[-2] M, but full response of acetylcholine is not produced due to occupancy of muscarinic receptor by the extract. Conclusions: The effect of T. chebula showed a spontaneous decrease in the movement of smooth muscles of rabbit's intestine as compared to control experiments

Differential inhibitory potencies of alcoholic extract of different parts of Dryopteris chrysocoma on inflammation in mice and rats

Phytomedicinal therapy for inflammation is not new and it is highly effective for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The inflammation is one of the initial parameter for most of the disorders occurring in the body. The anti-inflammatory potential can be determined by using various techniques. Dryopteris chrysocoma is a male fern commonly found in damp and moist areas of Pakistan. The study was conducted on mice and rats by inducing inflammation with subcutaneous administration of formalin and Carrageenan in hind paw. The results were compared with standard drug Aspirin administered orally in the dose of 300 mg/kg and a decrease in hind paw volume was observed. The intensity of edema was observed in mice after formalin injection and the time of disappearance of edema was observed. In rats the inhibition of inflammation by root, leaves and stem extract was 51.19%, 41.66% and 30.95% respectively after administration of formalin. Similar inhibition of inflammation produced by root, leaves and stem extracts i.e. 57%, 42% and 35% respectively in Carrageenan treated rats. Root extract showed the highly significant results at p

Role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy

This study was designed to determine the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease in both the developed and developing countries. Asthmatic patients are at risk of worsening of disease characterized by an increased breathlessness, cough, chest discomfort and wheezing and decreased in expiratory airflow rate. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, and element of which are potent chemo attractants. These chemical mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Study results reveled the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonist in preventing many types of aggravated asthmatic responses. Oral administration of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute asthmatic patients improves airway function. Once-daily treatment with 10 mg of montelukast, as compared with conventional therapy, provided significant protection against severe broncho-constriction. Study also shows that there was no worsening of the disease. Parameters strongly confirmed the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist when in addition added with steroid therapy in the treatment of acute asthma, there were a smooth improvement was noticed

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of terminalia chebula retz

The use of Terminali chebula in traditional medicine shows that the T. chebula is believed to be effective in relieving bacterial and fungal infection. So T. chebula was studied for the possible presence of anti microbial activities. Different fractions from fruits of T. chebula were screened for the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions of T. chebula exhibited different degree of inhibition activity. In the result of microbial assay, we noticed that some of the fractions of T. chebula having antibacterial activity against gram +ve and some of them against gram-ve organisms. Some of the fractions of T. chebula having antifungal activity. Ethyl acetate, aqueous and n-butanol fractions of T. chebula shows antibacterial activity against gram +ve organisms except chloroform fraction. Gram-negative organisms were found resistant to different fractions of T. chebula except Morexella catarrhalis. Candida species and Aspergillus species were found sensitive for antifungal activity of T. chebula

Reciprocity of calcium response in doxorubicin treated heart

Doxorubicin is an important anthracycline which has proven anticancer activity. However its clinical use has been limited by its cardiotoxicity. Many studies have been conducted to explore the mechanism of this untoward effect, but have given conflicting data. This study has been conducted to determine the role of calcium in this regard. Langendroff's technique was used. The data obtained from a significant number of rabbits shows that Doxorubicin suppresses the inotropic activity of heart significantly [p<0.01] while; it does not alter the chronotropic activity significantly [p<0.01] in lower doses, but reduces this activity significantly [p<0.01] at higher doses of calcium. The result clearly supports, the Ca[++] mediated cardio toxic mechanism of heart

Effect of atypical anxiolytic drug on stress induced behavior

Buspirone is drug with anxiolytic action. It does not share the properties of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. It is 5HT receptor partial agonist. In present study the effect of Buspirone was evaluated on ligation induced stress behavior. Significant changes were observed in body weight, feeding pattern, Cage crossing, openfield activity, Light/ Dark activity, swimming induced and ligation induced stress